Youth Outdoor Adventures Bus. Plan Essay Example For Students

Youth Outdoor Adventures Bus. Plan Essay MARKETING PLAN OUTLINECompany:Youth Outdoor Adventures: Our mission is to provide educational outdoor experiences for underprivileged youth. Strengths:Unique opportunity Not a lot of competitionFree to kidsSchool supportWeaknesses:Cliental is not traditionally familiar with productWe currently cannot accommodate all who apply Starts up costs are highLarge staffing needsOpportunities and Threats:The average child who grows up in a large urban area stays there for most of their life. We feel that this program will be successful because it opens up a city child to a whole new world. This program will start in NYC. We would eventually like for it to spread to all the major urban areas of the United States. We will get funding for this program by soliciting major corporations and foundations. One of the major threats that we perceive is that we cannot raise enough money trough these sponsors. We will write a custom essay on Youth Outdoor Adventures Bus. Plan specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now History:Youth Outdoor Adventures is a new, not for profit company. Consumer Analysis:GeographicUnited States, Urban area, NYCDemographic5th graders, no regard to gender, race, religion or nationalityPsychographicsUnderprivileged youth, no regard to lifestyle or personalityBehavioralChildren, or participants would be allowed to go on one trip. Trips will be run weekly. All equipment and other necessities other then clothing will be provide. The participants need only to sign up. Competitive Analysis:There are no other firms that are providing services like ours for free to the participants. We anticipate little competition as far as similar services are concerned. We will be competing for the participants time, the average youth has many interests, and we want him or her to come with us. We would like to establish relationships with schools and other social services that work with children. Together we can promote each others services. Environmental challenges:The environment that affects us most is the social cultural environment. Many inner city children not have a high comfort level in outdoor adventure situations. To ease this cultural difference we would recruit and train employees from the same urban background. The economic environment may also have an effect. If there is a recession we can expect less donations from sponsors, even though the same needs will exist. Marketing Objectives:As a non-profit, are main goal is to serve the children. We hope that after the start up of the company we can steadily increase the number of children served each year. We hope to establish ourselves as the leader in outdoor education to the underprivileged. By becoming a well-respected name we will ensure sponsorships. Strategy:Product:Youth Outdoor Adventures will provide outdoor trips such as skiing, kayaking, rock climbing, and backpacking. The trips will be offered to 5th graders in the NYC area. All equipment except for personnel clothing will be provided. Food is also included. The children will be picked up from a central location. The company provides all transportation from there. The children will have to apply for the program. Pricing:The service is free to the children. None monetary prices include giving up one weekend that could be used for studying or other activities. Distribution/Place:The children can sigh up for the service through our web site and promotional materials. Once the children sign up for the service we will mail them all the information they need. As stated above, all the participants will meet at a central location and our staff will bring them to the activity. Because our business is a service we do not need a distribution center. Promotional strategy:We intended to form partnerships with the NYC school district. Through this partnership we will distribute materials to principals and teachers. Staff members will be available to speak to PTA groups, principles, students and other stakeholders. We will also establish a reputation by linking ourselves with our sponsors.

Obamas Speech 2013 essays

Obama's Speech 2013 essays On Tuesday, February 19, 2013, Barack Obama, President of the United States, presented his State of the Union Address to a joint session of the United States Congress. President Obama began the speech describing several goals that nation already reached - such as businesses having created more than six million jobs, people buying more American cars and our use of less foreign oil. Furthermore, Democrats and Republicans have been working to reduce the deficit more than $ 2.5 trillion dollars through spending cuts and raising the taxes of the wealthiest in America. Additionally, he stated that the housing market is finally healing from the recession in 2007 with the percentage of home purchases increasing close to 50%. In addition, President Obama proposed certain solutions for the economy, creating jobs, modifying taxes, etc. Beginning with a plan for deficit reduction, the President stated that both parties must work on the plan in order to reach the deficit reduction of $4 trillion dollars. He also proposed the new tax reform which could help to create more jobs and bring down the deficit. The new tax code will help small business spend more time on expanding and hiring; and also provides lower tax rates for businesses - thus, creating jobs throughout America. As the matter of fact, the President stated that: Caterpillar is bringing jobs back from Japan. Ford is bringing jobs back from Mexico. And this year, Apple will start making Macs in American again (Obama). Additionally, President Obama proposed an upgrade to our infrastructure, which would bring more jobs which would then lead to the Fix-It-First program and Partnership to Rebuild America. More importantly, he also raised the minimum wage to $9.00 an hour so we can tie the minimum living cost and eventually offer a wage that people can live on. Barack Obama also stated that we should invest every available dollar in science, innovation, clean ene...

Global Warming. Western States Increasing Temperatures Research Proposal

Global Warming. Western States Increasing Temperatures - Research Proposal Example With the increasing nature of industrialization in the world, there has been increasing amount of carbon compounds and gases that have been released to the atmosphere (Montzaka, Dlogukencky, & Butler, 2011). These carbon gases constitute most of the green house gases, which have caused lots of havoc in changes of weather conditions and caused extensive changes in the climatic conditions of the world. Global warming has been found to cause the increase of world temperatures, thereby affecting the vegetation and the human activities, which the world population is indulged into. Global warming is also associated with natural disasters such as extended torrential rains, melting of ice in the arctic and Antarctic regions, which have increased levels of the oceanic waters. These climatic changes have caused extensive changes in the vegetation of the world leading to drought and conditions being experienced in most regions of the United States and the World in general (Johanes, 2004). The s tudy will narrow down its research to the natural disasters that global warming has been causing in the West states of the country. This is due to the observed and recorded rise of the natural disasters that have been befitting this region of the country in the recent past. This is extremely related and associated with global warming by scientists who have carried out extensive studies on this topic (Mooney, 2007). The most productive regions in the Western part of the United States, including California, Idaho, Oregon, Washington, and Montana have been adversely affected by the outcome of global warming. Due to the natural disasters, the economic and social aspects of human beings are affected. The research tries to get the relationship between the increasing temperatures of the atmosphere due to greenhouse gases and the climatic menace of global warming (Weart, 2003). It will also be aiming at establishing the relationship between the global warming and the natural disasters, whic h have befitted these regions of the United States. Global warming has been found to be the major cause of natural disasters including the rising levels of the sea and ocean waters resulting into tsunamis, extensive melting of ice fields in the Greenland nations, extensive climatic changes in the increase of temperatures and reduction of rainfall in the African region. Moreover, global warming is the main cause of the many extensive wildfires, which have destroyed lots of vegetation and forests in the United States especially in the western States of Colorado and California (Mooney, 2007). Purpose Statement The purpose of this survey study will be to test the problem of the western United States increasing temperatures, which relates to past and future climate in the surrounding areas current climate. The independent variables will be defined as (i) increasing temperatures in the mountains are affecting snow melt, (ii) pronounced droughts are the effects of warmer temperatures in th e southwestern United States, and (iii) simulations of present and future climates performed with four regional climate models. The dependent variable will be defined as current climate. Statement of the Problem This study aims to prove the relations of global warming to the rising natural disasters in the western United States. It addresses the following questions in the study: 1. What is the relationship of global warming to changes in the climactic condition of the Western States? 2. What is the current temperature in the mountainous area of the western States? 3. How is the temperature in the mountains affect the melting of glaciers in Glacier National Park? 4. What is the

Study skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Study skills - Essay Example It is, quite literally, a case of survival of the fittest (Moore, 2010, pp. 19-28). The most organized, the most efficient, and the best rounded will be the ones coming out on top. Never have study skills been more important than when students are in university. Most of the time, students that get admission in a university are those that have, for the most part, been good at organizing their time, keeping up with their study assignments, and on top of their quizzes and tests (Roberts, 2006, pp. 23-25). Furthermore, good university students are those that possess the adequate skills of prioritizing; students that can juggle their academics with their extracurricular activities and jobs tend to do well. This skill is especially important in university because when a student comes from a school and is presented with ten-fold the opportunities on a university campus, temptations and the urge to participate in many activities and sports can cause the students to fall into the trap where they have more on their plate than they can handle. It becomes important then for students to recognize which extracurricular activities to choose to engage in, keeping in mind the real reason they are in university: to study (Moore, 2010, pp. 19-28). A good student will use their skills of prioritizing to analyze their workload and then decide what non-academic activities to participate in. In this way, never in their time at university will they feel overwhelmed by the demands of their extracurricular activities. Another personal skill that is important in university is that of being efficient and productive. Students should not waste their time on ‘useless’ pass times and should use their free hours as productively as possible. Keeping on top of their homework, their papers and not waiting until the deadline are always the signs of a good student (Floyd, 2007, pp. 49-55). Another study skill one must strive to have is that of studying and keeping up with the coursework on a

Integrating modern Security mangers into a corporate organisation Dissertation

Integrating modern Security mangers into a corporate organisation - Dissertation Example Historically, the concept of security was there as it has a direct link with one of the emotions-fear. Fear creates insecurity and lack of safety. This sense of insecurity is so much powerful in its realization that a fearful person would not be able to carry out its routine business and personal activities. More importantly, the impact of fear is so much influential that the fearful person would be totally crippled mentally and socially as well. It would not be wrong to say that the entire circle of that fearful person come standstill until the fearful person find some stronger reasons to believe the presence of security and a considerable reduction of insecurity. Without any doubt, the impact of fear is predominately huge and intolerable in many situations and it would become more difficult if it remains for a considerable period of time. Historically, humans have been taking consciously or unconsciously some steps to reduce the fear factor which is caused by the sense of insecurit y and by reducing the sense of insecurity; they upgrade the level of security. While living in caves, humans were fearful and had a strong sense of possible attacks from animals or any other hostile entity. And, in order to reduce the sense of fear and insecurity, they put dogs at the entrance of caves so that they would be ready to face any hostile attack from anyone with the help of dogs. With the passage of time, humans started to living in social communities with other humans. However, the sense of fear and insecurity is an inherent part of human nature. It remains within human psychology and at the same time, humans started doing businesses in organisations, where people belonging to different races, castes, colours, and from different socio-economic backgrounds. As a result, like humans, organisations were facing the threats of insecurity. As a result, the organisations started focusing on the issues of insecurity and threats. Fundamentally, the word security stems from a Lati n word â€Å"se-curus†, Which has aggregate meaning of to care something. Borodzicz, (2006) describes that security can be understood within two contexts-Freedom from fear or show of strength. The concept freedom from fear works to ensure the presence of sense of security and at the same time, it works against the sense of insecurity. Basically, the fundamental aim of promoting freedom from fear concept is to diminish the sense of fear factor that provides huge challenges to a person or to an organisation facing the problems of insecurity. And, in order to provide and strengthen the concept show of force facilitates attaining the level of security. And this show of strength is mostly provided by trained security personnel whose basic aim is to provide their security services where they are required to do so. Within an aim of promoting security and to provide security services, American Society for Industrial Security (ASIS) came into existence in 1955 (asisonline.org, web). A s the security was a growing issue soon after the end of World War II, the industrial society members agreed over the institutilisation of security. Not only this, but also they agree to launch a full scale educational programs with an aim to industrialise security. As a result, till this point of time, they had been serving the security industry. However, before the event of 9/11, in many organisations, the concept of security was

Theories Of Political Violence And Terrorism Politics Essay

Theories Of Political Violence And Terrorism Politics Essay The September 11-tragedy at the World Trade Center, which was considered as the most destructive terrorist attack recorded in world history, only proves that terrorism is continuously becoming a serious threat in international peace and security. Terrorism in the form of murder, kidnapping, bombing and hijacking has been on the rise for the past several years amidst the different policies and measures that have been implementing by the international cooperation between the governments, the law enforcement agencies and military forces. There is an estimate of 400 terrorist groups which are engaged in insurgency and terrorism in the world  [1]  . Among these most powerful revolutionary organizations which marked crucial terrorism threats across the globe included the Irish Republican Army (IRA) in Ireland and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) in Sri Lanka. Both these terrorist groups have significantly terrorized the people and the government in their respective area of operations for several years despite the concerted efforts on various peace talks and ceasefire policies. The governments and authorities of these two terrorist organizations had employed some of the same counter-terrorism strategies but had varying results. The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) was founded by Velupillai Prabhakaran in May 1976. It is the most advanced and most fearful terrorist group in South Asia and had been considered by the US Department of State as the most powerful Tamil group in Sri Lanka  [2]  . The Sri Lankan intelligence believed that the LTTE was responsible for the deaths of former Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi, Sri Lankan President Ranasinghe Premadasa, 700 members of rival Tamil groups, four cabinet ministers, 27 parliamentarians, 26 government officials and thousands of civilians. At present, the terrorist group is considered as an organization with semi-conventional fighting capability which has gained the control of most regions in the north and the sections of territory along the eastern seaboard  [3]  . The efforts of the authorities in Sri Lanka remain useless since the terrorist group is still active, despite its defeat as a conventional organization in 2009. The group continues t o become the strongest militant nationalist group in Sri Lanka because of their aggressive use of suicide terrorism  [4]  . The use of suicide bombers and the legacy of mass bombing have raised the LTTEs profile as an international terrorist group. The group, furthermore, is involved in money laundering, human trafficking and light weapons trade which serve as source of revenue for its operation  [5]  . In fact, being an active separatist organization, the LTTE caused the creation of a separate Tamil state in the north and east parts of Sri Lanka. Another well known terrorist group, the Irish Republican Army (IRA), began to emerge in 1916 to advocate Irish sovereignty and freedom against the British rule which marked the brutal treatment and harsh discrimination of the native Irish Catholics  [6]  . The terrorist acts of the IRA arouse because of the desire of its members to take over Northern Ireland, which is constitutionally part of the United Kingdom but geographically located on the island of Ireland  [7]  . Unlike the LTTE which only terrorizes for a political and economic agenda, the IRA has been organized to fight the long history of oppression and discrimination against the Catholics during the British rule. Notwithstanding its violent and controversial tactics in achieving its goal, the militant group has been able to encourage loyal allegiance from the urban businessmen, rural farmers, men, women, old and young citizens of the area. IRA members who were armed with weapons were willing to die to attain their political aspirations and defend their community from the abusive ruler  [8]  . At first, the government of the country, with the help of other international law enforcement agencies, had unsuccessfully put the conflict on IRA terrorism to an end. There were seven attempts to restore peace in Northern Ireland, but these attempts were considered as failures as shown in many events such as the 1974 workers strike, the feeling of threat of minority parties, and the lack of sustained initiative and power-sharing  [9]  . But in the end, the government solved the conflict brought about by the IRA because of the strategic and effective peace talks and ceasefire policies. The cases of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) and the Irish Republican Army (IRA) have been resolved by strategic interventions from the governments of the said countries. However, the two cases had different results in the end of the long peace talks and ceasefire policies initiated by the authorities. The interventions done by the government with regards to the problems of the LTTEs terrorism acts were considered as a failure since the terrorist group was not eradicated. The failure was due to the conflicting international interests between the country and corrupt officials as well as the use of terror to force terror out of Sri Lanka  [10]  . The efforts of the Sri Lankan government to counter the movement of the LTTE before 1994 were considered to be essentially domestic initiatives  [11]  . Military measures were merely based on the provisions of the 1979 Prevention of Terrorism Act (PTA). During the administration of the three successive presidents of the Uni ted National Party (UNP), which include JR Jayewardene (1977-1988), Ranasinghe Premasada (1989-1993) and DB Wijetunga (1993-1994), the government was considered to be a failure in acknowledging and responding to minority grievances and human rights violations. This was due to the effort of the government to manage and solve the conflicts of the LTTE terrorism in a minimal and economical way. During the administration of Chandrika Bandaranaike of the Peoples Alliance (PA) in 1994, the government initiated unconditional talks with the LTTE to minimize the problem of corruption. It is believed that the conflict with the LTTE was prolonged because of the corruption done by the politicians and service commanders. Since then, the Sri Lankan government pursued a four pronged strategy to solve the problem on the terrorism acts of the LTTE. These strategies included regaining control of the LTTE dominated areas, offering a devolution package which could form the basis for a negotiated settle ment, restoring normalcy, providing humanitarian assistance to the areas affected, and pursuing a politico-diplomatic propaganda to deny the LTTE international sympathy  [12]  . At the multilateral level, the Sri Lankan government adopted the UN Declaration on Measures to Eliminate International Terrorism in 1994. In addition, the UN Ad Hoc Committee on Terrorism was set up two years later. Moreover, as a country based measure, the terrorist group was declared as an unlawful association in 1992 after the death of Rajiv Gandhi. This act forced India, the country who initially armed, trained and gave refuge to the LTTE, to ban the terrorist group and withdraw its support to the group in terms of training, weaponry and other military needs  [13]  . In addition to these measures were the peace talks and ceasefire policies initiated by the Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi  [14]  . Nevertheless, despite these measures following the 1987 ethnic riots, the case on the LTTE ter rorism acts was not totally resolved because of the use of terrorism to eradicate terrorism itself. Sri Lankan police had shown violence to the suspected members of the terrorist group which caused the increase of LTTE recruitment. Since innocent people were experiencing great violence from the authorities, they were left with the option to join the force of terror in order to avoid the terror done by the authorities themselves. This particular related to the fact that individuals of any social status may engage in violent activities  [15]  . In contrast to the LTTE, the concerted peace talks and ceasefire policies in the case of the IRA became successful because of the cooperation and mutual interest of the parties involved in the problem. The 1994 and 1997 ceasefires and peace talks were considered to be the result of many factors. The effort to re-energize governmental initiatives to solve the Northern Ireland settlement was initiated by John Major (British Prime Minister 1991-1997) and Albert Reynolds (Irish Taoiseach 1992-1994)  [16]  . Unlike the case of the LTTE, the British rulers did not use terror to eradicate the threat of terrorism in Northern Ireland. In fact, the British and Irish governments launched the Downing Street Declaration in December 1993, wherein the British government recognized that Ireland should be for the Irish people alone. This decision made by the British ruler showed that anti-terrorist interventions, such as peace talks and ceasefire policies, would only become effective if both part ies are willing and dedicated to solve the issue for the mutual benefit of the involved parties. This is thus the reason why the problems of this terrorist group were solved peacefully and effectively. In total, the Sri Lankan government had been considered to waste several opportunities to take control over the LTTE terrorism acts due to party interests taking precedence over the national interest  [17]  . Through the case of the LTTE, it was proven that international action, which is considered as a necessary condition in grappling the problems of terrorism, is not enough to solve the conflicts of the LTTE, if the engaged parties are not willing to engage in negotiations. The creation of effective and efficient policies to eliminate and solve the problem of the LTTE terrorism acts has not been compensated by the ceasefire policy and peace talks since 2002  [18]  . In this sense, Sri Lankas government had no effective measures implemented with regards to the problem on LTTE terrorism. In contrast, the peace talks and ceasefires in the case of the IRA became successful because of the willingness of both parties to resolve the issue between the government and the terrorist g roup. The IRAs case has been resolved at its earliest stage since there was no conflict on the interests of the government and the terrorist group. Unlike the LTTE case which was prolonged because of the intervention done by the corrupt government officials who gained from weapons trade, the case of IRA was not tainted by the political propaganda of some abusive authorities. The British governments declaration which acknowledged the rights and privileges of the Irish people to their own land was indeed very helpful for the resolution of the issue. Through the cases of the LTTE and the IRA, it can be concluded that peace talks and ceasefire policies are to be considered positive and effective ways to eliminate and eradicate terrorism acts in the world if both are willing to resolve the main root of the problem. The use of terrorism to force out terrorism acts is not the effective and best way to cease the problems of terrorism. Terrorism only becomes more serious and destructive in the presence of greedy interventions done by corrupt officials and businessmen who are gaining from manufacturing and trading weapons used for terrorizing the world. The best way to eradicate terrorism in the world still lies in peaceful interventions, such as peace talks and ceasefires. After all, war against something does not always signify using of destructive means such as guns, weaponry and violence.

Potential for Large Scale Ethanol Production Essay -- Renewable Fuel

Potential for Large Scale Ethanol Production Recent legislation by the Congress of the United States has created a mandate for 5 billion gallons of renewable fuel (notably ethanol) to be consumed annually by 2015. In light of this recent push for alternative fuels, many different biomass solutions have been considered to meet the energy need for the 200 million cars on the road. While the most efficient bio-fuels are derived from palm oil and sugarcane, the Unites States has begun to focus on the more regional corn crops to produce new renewable fuels. This program appears to have great potential towards achieving a sustainable future devoid of foreign oil dependence, until the economic implications of large-scale ethanol production are considered. With that said, it’s important for the United States Government to understand the relative inefficiency, environmental, and social cost of large-scale ethanol production in the US. Ethanol is a fuel grade form of alcohol that is produced from grain fermentation to create a clean, burnable oil alternative (Heinberg, 171). On a small scale, ethanol production appears to be a practical form of energy for farmers, but is limited by its lack of production facilities and unfavorable energy returned on energy invested. Ethanol has an extremely variable EROEI according to several net energy analyses. Cornell professor David Pimentel found a 29% net loss of energy after conducting two independent tests. Both studies found that, â€Å"the fuel cost more energy to produce than it eventually delivered to society.† (Heinberg, 173) While this study painted a negative picture for ethanol production, a USDA researcher recognized as much as a 77% energy profit; although, a ... ... farmers needs. Works Cited Evans, Michael K. The Economic Impact of the Demand for Ethanol. Chicago, IL: Diane Co., 1997. 2 Apr. 2007 . Hebert, Joseph H. "Study: Ethanol Won'T Solve Energy Problems." USA Today. 10 July 2006. 2 Apr. 2007 . Hirsch, Tim. "Brazilian Biofuels' Pulling Power." BBC. 8 Mar. 2007. 2 Apr. 2007 . Pica, Erich. "Power Politics: Linking Congress, Campaign Contributions and Energy Policy." Friends of the Earth 6 (2003): 1-2. 2 Apr. 2007. Segelken, Roger. "Ethanol." Health and Energy. 2 Apr. 2007 . Potential for Large Scale Ethanol Production Essay -- Renewable Fuel Potential for Large Scale Ethanol Production Recent legislation by the Congress of the United States has created a mandate for 5 billion gallons of renewable fuel (notably ethanol) to be consumed annually by 2015. In light of this recent push for alternative fuels, many different biomass solutions have been considered to meet the energy need for the 200 million cars on the road. While the most efficient bio-fuels are derived from palm oil and sugarcane, the Unites States has begun to focus on the more regional corn crops to produce new renewable fuels. This program appears to have great potential towards achieving a sustainable future devoid of foreign oil dependence, until the economic implications of large-scale ethanol production are considered. With that said, it’s important for the United States Government to understand the relative inefficiency, environmental, and social cost of large-scale ethanol production in the US. Ethanol is a fuel grade form of alcohol that is produced from grain fermentation to create a clean, burnable oil alternative (Heinberg, 171). On a small scale, ethanol production appears to be a practical form of energy for farmers, but is limited by its lack of production facilities and unfavorable energy returned on energy invested. Ethanol has an extremely variable EROEI according to several net energy analyses. Cornell professor David Pimentel found a 29% net loss of energy after conducting two independent tests. Both studies found that, â€Å"the fuel cost more energy to produce than it eventually delivered to society.† (Heinberg, 173) While this study painted a negative picture for ethanol production, a USDA researcher recognized as much as a 77% energy profit; although, a ... ... farmers needs. Works Cited Evans, Michael K. The Economic Impact of the Demand for Ethanol. Chicago, IL: Diane Co., 1997. 2 Apr. 2007 . Hebert, Joseph H. "Study: Ethanol Won'T Solve Energy Problems." USA Today. 10 July 2006. 2 Apr. 2007 . Hirsch, Tim. "Brazilian Biofuels' Pulling Power." BBC. 8 Mar. 2007. 2 Apr. 2007 . Pica, Erich. "Power Politics: Linking Congress, Campaign Contributions and Energy Policy." Friends of the Earth 6 (2003): 1-2. 2 Apr. 2007. Segelken, Roger. "Ethanol." Health and Energy. 2 Apr. 2007 . Potential for Large Scale Ethanol Production Essay -- Renewable Fuel Potential for Large Scale Ethanol Production Recent legislation by the Congress of the United States has created a mandate for 5 billion gallons of renewable fuel (notably ethanol) to be consumed annually by 2015. In light of this recent push for alternative fuels, many different biomass solutions have been considered to meet the energy need for the 200 million cars on the road. While the most efficient bio-fuels are derived from palm oil and sugarcane, the Unites States has begun to focus on the more regional corn crops to produce new renewable fuels. This program appears to have great potential towards achieving a sustainable future devoid of foreign oil dependence, until the economic implications of large-scale ethanol production are considered. With that said, it’s important for the United States Government to understand the relative inefficiency, environmental, and social cost of large-scale ethanol production in the US. Ethanol is a fuel grade form of alcohol that is produced from grain fermentation to create a clean, burnable oil alternative (Heinberg, 171). On a small scale, ethanol production appears to be a practical form of energy for farmers, but is limited by its lack of production facilities and unfavorable energy returned on energy invested. Ethanol has an extremely variable EROEI according to several net energy analyses. Cornell professor David Pimentel found a 29% net loss of energy after conducting two independent tests. Both studies found that, â€Å"the fuel cost more energy to produce than it eventually delivered to society.† (Heinberg, 173) While this study painted a negative picture for ethanol production, a USDA researcher recognized as much as a 77% energy profit; although, a ... ... farmers needs. Works Cited Evans, Michael K. The Economic Impact of the Demand for Ethanol. Chicago, IL: Diane Co., 1997. 2 Apr. 2007 . Hebert, Joseph H. "Study: Ethanol Won'T Solve Energy Problems." USA Today. 10 July 2006. 2 Apr. 2007 . Hirsch, Tim. "Brazilian Biofuels' Pulling Power." BBC. 8 Mar. 2007. 2 Apr. 2007 . Pica, Erich. "Power Politics: Linking Congress, Campaign Contributions and Energy Policy." Friends of the Earth 6 (2003): 1-2. 2 Apr. 2007. Segelken, Roger. "Ethanol." Health and Energy. 2 Apr. 2007 .

Is Mark Twain a Racist?

Is Mark Twain A racist? Many believe certain things about Twain's â€Å"Great American novel,† makes it a racist book, like the overuse of the word, â€Å"nigger,† and the given depiction of the black slave, Jim. However, there is a substantial amount of evidence that this book was not written out of hate, but in hope that Twain could change the ideals of skin color of the white people around him. The first and foremost question most people ask when they read the novel is, â€Å"was Mark Twain a racist? There are assumptions that because of Twain's use of edgy language and writing in the point of view of racists, that he was a racist himself. Much of the article is Twain going into detail about the type of environment and adults this young boy has been raised with, and how racism against the Chinese is commonplace. For example, the Chinese are taxed twice as much as all the other races to mine for gold. Also, when they are caught stealing from a mine, they are hung. Ho wever, when the same happens to the other races, they are only asked to leave the mining camp (Galaxy).In one part, the narrator shares, â€Å"†¦ [the boy] found out that in many districts of the vast Pacific coast, so strong is the wild, free love of justice in the hearts of the people, that whenever any secret and mysterious crime is committed, they say, â€Å"Let justice be done, though the heavens fall,† and go straightway and swing a Chinaman. † (Galaxy) The reason why Twain lists these observations is to show the city of San Francisco that it is not the boy who's at fault, because, â€Å"What had the child's education been? How should he suppose it was wrong to stone a Chinaman (Galaxy)? In fact, in one part of the article, the boy says, â€Å"†Ah, there goes a Chinaman! God will not love me if I do not stone him (Galaxy). † With this article, Twain hoped that he could allow the adult of the city to see how foolish they have been acting towards the Chinese and it was not the boy who is acting childish, but it is the men whom the young boy looked up to. This is the same scenario with the controversy surrounding, â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. † In both stories we see a young boy who lives in a society that is racist against a certain race only because they were raised that way.An example of this in, â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,† is one of the first things we hear from Huck's father and his feelings about black people who have done well in the country. He refers to an African-American college professor who wore nice clothes and was intelligent. Also, since the man was from Ohio, he was also allowed to vote. It's interesting how Huck's father says, â€Å"It was ‘lection day, and I was just about to go and vote myself if I warn't too drunk to get there†¦ (37)†.The irony in this is how Huck's father, a man who is obviously morally, financially, socially, and intellectuall y inferior to the professor he met, believes he is superior to the man because of their difference in skin colors. This confirms that Huck was raised in a racist environment, which means that things Huck says or does probably isn't out of hate, but because that's the way he's been raised in his home and society. Something very risky that Twain did to show others his position on slavery and racism was when he volunteered to help pay for one of the first black student's tuition at Yale University.In his letter do the Dean of the university explaining why he wanted to do this, he said, â€Å"We have ground the manhood out of them, and the shame is ours, not theirs, and we should pay for it (Fishkin). † This act and quote shows that Mark Twain felt personally convicted about slavery as a terrible mistake towards the black society and wanted to give something back to those affected. Therefore, with all his negative experiences with slaves and racism, why would this man write a boo k that goes against the ideals he so boldly defends?This book should not be looked at as an attack against African-Americans, but as another way Twain tried to repay the debt he felt he owed the slaves and their families (Fishkin). When the book first introduces Jim, it seems that the slave is almost superstitious to the point of idiocy. In chapter two, Jim falls asleep when looking for Tom and Huck in Mrs. Watson's yard. Tom takes Jim's hat and places it on a branch above his head, and when Jim wakes up he tells the other slaves a group of witches, â€Å"rode him all over the world, and tired him most to death, and his back was all over saddle-boils (14). Two chapters later, Jim pulls a hairball out of an ox's stomach and claims an all-knowing spirit lives inside (26). Many people find Jim's superstitions very offensive and racist because it emphasizes the idea that slaves had no hope in having a good life. Some believe that since the slaves were treated so poorly and had little c hance of escaping their sentence, they made up superstitions as a way to escape from their cruel reality. Most African-American advocates of anning Twain's novel from schools don't think their children should have to read about a time in their family's history where so much pain, suffering and dignity was lost. The fact that Twain makes Jim an extremely superstitious character, is interpreted by many as a racist action (Wolfson). However, who's to say that Jim's superstitions are not just a creative way for him to take advantage of certain things for his own personal gain? It's possible that Jim used the witch story from chapter two because he knew he'd gain popularity throughout the slave world.It even says later that slaves traveled from far places to hear Jim's witch story. As with the hairball, Jim could have just used it to get a quick â€Å"buck† from Huck, or other customers who wanted some questions answered, since Jim pretended the spirit wouldn't work unless it was paid. If Jim's superstitions are viewed in this light, he should be looked at as a very clever human being, rather than a hopeless slave, and no one with the same skin color as him should be offended (Fishkin). Another big issue people have with the book is its seemingly overuse of the word, â€Å"nigger. Throughout the book, the word is mentioned an overwhelming two hundred and fifteen times, something that many see as unnecessary, since the word comes with such a negative, degrading implication in today's world. However, there is much debate whether or not the term carried the type of negative connotation it has today, but even if people did use the name as an insult, there are still reasonable explanations as to why Mark Twain would use this word. First of all, Twain strived to make this novel as realistic as possible.If he had not used the language of his time or depicted characters the way they were in his time period, then no one would have taken his book seriously. It's poss ible that there were other names that were less offensive that he could have used, but doing so would not have been as effective in exposing the ugliness of racism as, â€Å"nigger† does. The word reinforced the book's idea that the societies of the southern United States lived in constant racism. Though it's unclear whether Shelley Fisher Fishkin supported this idea, she says in her book, A Historical Guide to Mark Twain: †¦ â€Å"nigger†] was integral to the project of presenting and indicating a racist society, whose illegitimate racial hierarchy was embodied in the use of that word, because it was central to dramatizing the failure of everyone in that society (black and white) to challenge the legitimacy of the status quo and of the word that cemented and reinforced it, and because the diction was realistic to the time and characters. (137) The relation between, Disgraceful Persecution of a Boy, and the novel at hand must also be analyzed.The young boy who sto ned the Chinese man didn't commit the crime because he hated the Chinese, he did it because that's what he was taught to do. When Huck referred to the slaves as, â€Å"niggers,† it's not out of hate that he uses the word, but because he was taught that's just what you call slaves. Another issue people have with this book is the overall depiction of the slave's intellect. In parts of the book, it's hard to even understand what Jim is trying to say because he hasn't been educated. People believe that making Jim sound intellectually inferior to every other character in the book is a racist move on Twain's part.However, when reading the novel, the reader must also realize that the author and the narrator are two different voices. The author, Twain, is an adult who is very against the idea of slavery. The narrator is a young boy who has been raised by a society who sees nothing wrong with enslaving black people. Thus, it is not Twain voicing his opinions through the thought proces ses of Huck, but it is Twain trying to portray an accurate, historical point of view from a young, white boy (Fishkin). Unfortunately, this young boy has been raised with certain biases against slaves, and Twain must honor that bias.If he doesn't then the book would be historically inaccurate. Also, one must remember that people living today were probably not Twain's target audience. Twain wanted to change problems in his generation, and in order to create a story that applied to the reader of his day, he would have to make the story as realistic as possible. Lastly, the most obvious argument is that it just wouldn't make sense to create a slave character who was as smart as the white people. If slaves were not allowed any formal education, how realistic would it be to write about a smart, literate slave?Finally, at the end of the novel, it seems Huck is thinking about running away from his home again, only because, â€Å"Aunt Sally she's going to adopt me and sivilize me, and I ca n't stand it (307). † For this quote to truly hold any meaning, the reader must realize a â€Å"sivilized† person in the societies of the southern states back then would probably have owned and mistreated slaves. Hearing Huck say that he's sick of society teaching him how to be â€Å"sivilized,† could be his way of expressing the newfound feelings he has against slavery (Fishkin).To say that, â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,† is a racist novel should be considered a ridiculous idea. Why would an anti-slavery and anti-racist man write a racist book? Twain wrote books and articles to justify his ideas to his reader, even if the ideas were absurd, like the idea of the black man being on equal ground with the white man. Though by the time the book was completed slavery was abolished and African-Americans were free, the mindsets of the southern white families did not change. These types of families were to whom Mark Twain was directing this book.He hop ed they would see the ugliness of racism and slavery, and see people past the color of their skin. One of Mark Twain's well known quotes on racism is, â€Å"One of my theories is that the hearts of men are about alike, all over the world, whatever their skin-complexions may be (Everett). † Twain probably never realized his novel about young Huck Finn would have gained so much popularity and attention so long after it's original publishing, but throughout every generation, his message of anti-racism should not be banned for its racist interpretations because it is relevant for any race, people, or community.

Free Essays on Samuel Adams

Among those who signed the Declaration of Independence, and were conspicuous in the revolution, there existed, of course, a great diversity of intellectual endowments; nor did all render to their country, in those perilous days, the same important services. Like the luminaries of heavens each contributed his portion of influence; but, like them, they differed, as star differeth from star in glory. But in the constellation of great men, which adorned that era, few shone with more brilliancy, or exercised a more powerful influence than Samuel Adams. This gentleman was born at Quincy, in Massachusetts, September 22d, 1722, in the neighbourhood afterwards rendered memorable as the birth place of Hancock, and as the residence of the distinguished family which has given two presidents to the United States. His descent was from a respectable family, which emigrated to America with the first settlers of the land. In the year 1736, he became a member of Harvard University, where he was distinguished for an uncommon attention to all his collegiate exercises, and for his classical and scientific attainments. On taking the degree of master, in 1743, he proposed the following question, "Whether it be lawful to resist the supreme magistrate, if the commonwealth cannot be otherwise preserved?" He maintained the affirmative; and in this collegiate exercise furnished no dubious evidence of his attachment to the liberties of the people. On leaving the university, he began the study of law, for which profession his father designed him; but at the solicitation of his mother, this pursuit was relinquished, and he became a clerk in the counting house of Thomas Cushing, at that time a distinguished merchant. But his genius was not adapted to mercantile pursuits; and in a short time after commencing business for himself, partly owing to the failure in business of a friend, and partly to injudicious management, he lost the entire capital which ha... Free Essays on Samuel Adams Free Essays on Samuel Adams Among those who signed the Declaration of Independence, and were conspicuous in the revolution, there existed, of course, a great diversity of intellectual endowments; nor did all render to their country, in those perilous days, the same important services. Like the luminaries of heavens each contributed his portion of influence; but, like them, they differed, as star differeth from star in glory. But in the constellation of great men, which adorned that era, few shone with more brilliancy, or exercised a more powerful influence than Samuel Adams. This gentleman was born at Quincy, in Massachusetts, September 22d, 1722, in the neighbourhood afterwards rendered memorable as the birth place of Hancock, and as the residence of the distinguished family which has given two presidents to the United States. His descent was from a respectable family, which emigrated to America with the first settlers of the land. In the year 1736, he became a member of Harvard University, where he was distinguished for an uncommon attention to all his collegiate exercises, and for his classical and scientific attainments. On taking the degree of master, in 1743, he proposed the following question, "Whether it be lawful to resist the supreme magistrate, if the commonwealth cannot be otherwise preserved?" He maintained the affirmative; and in this collegiate exercise furnished no dubious evidence of his attachment to the liberties of the people. On leaving the university, he began the study of law, for which profession his father designed him; but at the solicitation of his mother, this pursuit was relinquished, and he became a clerk in the counting house of Thomas Cushing, at that time a distinguished merchant. But his genius was not adapted to mercantile pursuits; and in a short time after commencing business for himself, partly owing to the failure in business of a friend, and partly to injudicious management, he lost the entire capital which ha...

College Science Fair Projects by Topic

College Science Fair Projects by Topic It can be a challenge to come up with a science fair project idea. There is fierce competition to come up with the coolest idea, plus you need a topic that is considered appropriate for your educational level.   A well-designed project at the college level can open the door to future educational and career opportunities, so it pays to put some thought and effort into your topic. A good project will answer a question and test a hypothesis. Planning and Research College students usually have a semester to complete their project, so they have some time to plan and conduct research. The goal at this level is to find an original topic. It doesnt have to be something complicated or time-consuming. Also, appearances count. Aim for professional-quality images and presentation. Handwritten work and drawings wont work as well as a printed report or poster with photographs. Possible ideas, divided by topic, include: Plants and Seeds Does the presence of detergent in water affect plant growth? In what ways? What is the implication regarding water pollution?Does magnetism affect the growth of plants? In what way?Is a seed affected by its size? Do different size seeds have different germination rates? Does seed size affect the growth rate or final size of a plant?How close does a plant have to be to a pesticide for the pesticide to work? What factors influence the effectiveness of a pesticide, such as rain, light or wind? How much can you dilute a pesticide while retaining its effectiveness? How effective are natural pest deterrents?What is the effect of a chemical on a plant? You can look at natural pollutants- such as motor oil or runoff from a busy street- or unusual substances, for example, orange juice or baking soda. Factors that you can measure include rate of plant growth, leaf size, life/death of the plant, the color of the plant, and ability to flower/bear fruit.How does cold storage affect the germinatio n of seeds? Factors you can control include the type of seeds, length of storage and the temperature of storage, light, and humidity. Food How does the shape of an ice cube affect how quickly it melts?Do the same types of mold grow on all types of bread? Are certain preservatives better at inhibiting dangerous molds than others?Is the nutritional content of different brands of a vegetable (such as canned peas) the same? How much variation is there in any given product? Miscellaneous What forms of recycling are available to students? If college students participated in these recycling programs, what would be the effect on cost, the environment?Do consumers prefer bleached paper products or natural-color paper products? What factors affect the preference? Age? Socioeconomic status? Gender?Solve a problem. For example, can you design a better type of street intersection?

World Cup Airports Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

World Cup Airports - Essay Example Causes for this lopsided preference and the remedial steps to be taken need to receive attention. The next major issue is that of Aviation safety. Air Traffic Controllers constantly worry about the inadequacy of the equipment at their disposal for detecting incoming Aircraft, process their requests for landing in the most suitable manner and thus ensure the safety of the passengers. This brief paper looks at the efforts of the authorities in addressing both these concerns. There are many more issues, but owing to paucity of time and space, only these two are addressed here. The advances made in determining traffic volume that can be reallocated to other hubs, development of infrastructure to facilitate such change and the option of PPP model for this are examined here. The recent advances in ATC equipment and their expected impact on the Civil Aviation scene are discussed detail too. The turn of the Millennium is an appropriate time to think ahead, of the future, drawing on past experiences and current realities. No one can predict for sure the trends and forces that might emerge in the future. It for sure can be said that the rate of growth of aviation industry will be radically changed. That will be an awesome pace, considering the fact that the industry, one of the youngest of all, is barely a century old. Any consideration of the type of Aircraft of the future will ipso facto involve the consideration of the issues that that will be faced by Airports that will handle those craft, (Fife, 1998). The present paper attempts to examine the current issues that the aviation sector has identified in the areas of design and construction of airports. It is obvious that Airports considering the trends, the Airports will need to incorporate flexibility to adapt to rapid changes in technology and politico-economic factors which impact each other and the Airports’ functions. Invariably, every list of issues faced by Airports has Capacity and Delay as the

Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 14

Case Study Example It is mainly written from the perspective of the business and the compulsions and challenges that they have to meet in order to survive and compete within the highly volatile market. Looking from the health care perspective, the articles become highly relevant as they tend to focus on influencing the decision making process of the end users. Healthcare imperatives have increasing become hugely important for the customers. In the age of advancing technology, the customer has become more empowered with informed choices on the subject. The internet facilitates not only research but also the medication. Berndt says that anticipating needs of the customers and help developing customized report that meet the specific healthcare needs of the customer can give distinct boost to influence customer’s decision making processes. While the availability of treatment is available on the net, the Online Analytical Processing or OLAP offers customized reports on specific topic based on his unique needs rather than trend. Thus, customers are better equipped with information that suits his healthcare needs vis-Ã  -vis detail information about illness, medication, specialists based on geographical location etc. Veccia’s article is a wake-up call for businesses to evolve new ways of identifying customers’ changing preferences and helping them meet. In the current times, speed, differentiation and scalability have become extremely critical inputs which the traditional marketing research cannot meet. Hence, competitors’ offering, attributes associated with product and research that correlates these attributes to the requirements of customers become important factors. She suggests that forced choice technique greatly helps to identify the characteristics that are preferred and speeds up the process of new product development or value addition to the product. This applies to the healthcare products also. Indeed, Berndt’s proposal for preparing customized